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UniProt Knowledgebase Swiss-Prot Protein Knowledgebase TrEMBL Protein DatabaseRelease notes UniProtKB release 8.0 of 30-May-2006 |
| Content |
|---|
Related documents: UniProtKB user manual, Recent changes, Forthcoming changes.
| Introduction |
|---|
Release 8.0 of the UniProt Knowledgebase is composed of the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Protein Knowledgebase release 50.0 and the UniProtKB/TrEMBL Protein Database release 33.0.
More information on these databases can be found in the user manual What is the UniProt Knowledgebase ?.
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot protein knowledgebase release 50.0 statistics |
|---|
Release 50.0 of 30-May-2006 of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot contains 222'289 sequence entries, comprising 81'585'146 amino acids abstracted from 142'438 references.
The growth of the database is summarized below.
| Release | Date | Number of entries | Number of amino acids |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.0 | 09/86 | 3'939 | 900'163 |
| 3.0 | 11/86 | 4'160 | 969'641 |
| 4.0 | 04/87 | 4'387 | 1'036'010 |
| 5.0 | 09/87 | 5'205 | 1'327'683 |
| 6.0 | 01/88 | 6'102 | 1'653'982 |
| 7.0 | 04/88 | 6'821 | 1'885'771 |
| 8.0 | 08/88 | 7'724 | 2'224'465 |
| 9.0 | 11/88 | 8'702 | 2'498'140 |
| 10.0 | 03/89 | 10'008 | 2'952'613 |
| 11.0 | 07/89 | 10'856 | 3'265'966 |
| 12.0 | 10/89 | 12'305 | 3'797'482 |
| 13.0 | 01/90 | 13'837 | 4'347'336 |
| 14.0 | 04/90 | 15'409 | 4'914'264 |
| 15.0 | 08/90 | 16'941 | 5'486'399 |
| 16.0 | 11/90 | 18'364 | 5'986'949 |
| 17.0 | 02/91 | 20'024 | 6'524'504 |
| 18.0 | 05/91 | 20'772 | 6'792'034 |
| 19.0 | 08/91 | 21'795 | 7'173'785 |
| 20.0 | 11/91 | 22'654 | 7'500'130 |
| 21.0 | 03/92 | 23'742 | 7'866'596 |
| 22.0 | 05/92 | 25'044 | 8'375'696 |
| 23.0 | 08/92 | 26'706 | 9'011'391 |
| 24.0 | 12/92 | 28'154 | 9'545'427 |
| 25.0 | 04/93 | 29'955 | 10'214'020 |
| 26.0 | 07/93 | 31'808 | 10'875'091 |
| 27.0 | 10/93 | 33'329 | 11'484'420 |
| 28.0 | 02/94 | 36'000 | 12'496'420 |
| 29.0 | 06/94 | 38'303 | 13'464'008 |
| 30.0 | 10/94 | 40'292 | 14'147'368 |
| 31.0 | 02/95 | 43'470 | 15'335'248 |
| 32.0 | 11/95 | 49'340 | 17'385'503 |
| 33.0 | 02/96 | 52'205 | 18'531'384 |
| 34.0 | 10/96 | 59'021 | 21'210'389 |
| 35.0 | 11/97 | 69'113 | 25'083'768 |
| 36.0 | 07/98 | 74'019 | 26'840'295 |
| 37.0 | 12/98 | 77'977 | 28'268'293 |
| 38.0 | 07/99 | 80'000 | 29'085'965 |
| 39.0 | 05/00 | 86'593 | 31'411'114 |
| 40.0 | 10/01 | 101'602 | 37'315'215 |
| 41.0 | 02/03 | 122'564 | 44'986'459 |
| 42.0 | 10/03 | 135'850 | 50'046'799 |
| 43.0 | 03/04 | 146'720 | 54'093'154 |
| 44.0 | 07/04 | 153'871 | 56'608'159 |
| 45.0 | 10/04 | 163'235 | 59'631'787 |
| 46.0 | 02/05 | 168'297 | 61'443'278 |
| 47.0 | 05/05 | 181'577 | 65'746'672 |
| 48.0 | 09/05 | 194'317 | 70'391'852 |
| 49.0 | 02/06 | 207'132 | 75'438'310 |
| 50.0 | 05/06 | 222'289 | 81'585'146 |
In rare cases, Swiss-Prot entries are removed. Deleted entries are almost exclusively Open Reading Frames (ORFs) that have been wrongly predicted to code for proteins. When there is enough evidence that these hypothetical proteins are not real we take the decision to remove them from Swiss-Prot. In the document delac_sp.txt, you will find a list of all accession numbers which were previously present in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, but which have now been deleted from the database.
We have selected a number of organisms that are the target of genome sequencing and/or mapping projects and for which we intend to:
From our efforts to annotate human sequence entries as completely as possible arose the HPI project, and the bacterial model organisms became the focus of the HAMAP project. Here is the current status of the model organisms which are not covered by these two projects:
| Organism | Database cross-references | Index file | Number of sequences |
|---|---|---|---|
| A.thaliana | TAIR | arath.txt | 4'155 |
| C.albicans | None yet | calbican.txt | 534 |
| C.elegans | Wormpep | celegans.txt | 2'850 |
| D.discoideum | DictyBase | dicty.txt | 325 |
| D.melanogaster | FlyBase | fly.txt | 2'382 |
| M.musculus | MGD | mgdtosp.txt | 11'030 |
| S.cerevisiae | SGD | yeast.txt | 5'427 |
| S.pombe | GeneDB_SPombe | pombe.txt | 3'005 |
1. INTRODUCTION
Release 50.0 of 30-May-2006 of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot contains 222289 sequence entries,
comprising 81585146 amino acids abstracted from 142438 references.
15220 sequences have been added since release 49.0, the sequence data of
953 existing entries has been updated and the annotations of
190604 entries have been revised. This represents an increase of 8%.
2. AMINO ACID COMPOSITION
2.1 Composition in percent for the complete database
Ala (A) 7.87 Gln (Q) 3.95 Leu (L) 9.64 Ser (S) 6.83
Arg (R) 5.39 Glu (E) 6.67 Lys (K) 5.93 Thr (T) 5.41
Asn (N) 4.15 Gly (G) 6.95 Met (M) 2.37 Trp (W) 1.14
Asp (D) 5.35 His (H) 2.29 Phe (F) 3.97 Tyr (Y) 3.04
Cys (C) 1.50 Ile (I) 5.91 Pro (P) 4.81 Val (V) 6.73
Asx (B) 0.000 Glx (Z) 0.000 Xaa (X) 0.00
2.2 Classification of the amino acids by their frequency
Leu, Ala, Gly, Ser, Val, Glu, Lys, Ile, Thr, Arg, Asp, Pro, Asn, Phe,
Gln, Tyr, Met, His, Cys, Trp
3. TAXONOMIC ORIGIN
Total number of species represented in this release of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: 9879
The first twenty species represent 71712 sequences: 32.3 % of the total
number of entries.
3.1 Table of the frequency of occurrence of species
Species represented 1x: 4698
2x: 1554
3x: 759
4x: 490
5x: 323
6x: 292
7x: 198
8x: 159
9x: 140
10x: 77
11- 20x: 421
21- 50x: 311
51-100x: 131
>100x: 326
3.2 Table of the most represented species
------ --------- --------------------------------------------
Number Frequency Species
------ --------- --------------------------------------------
1 14036 Homo sapiens (Human)
2 11030 Mus musculus (Mouse)
3 5427 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast)
4 5111 Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
5 4850 Escherichia coli
6 4155 Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)
7 3005 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast)
8 2850 Caenorhabditis elegans
9 2835 Bacillus subtilis
10 2382 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)
11 2054 Bos taurus (Bovine)
12 1816 Escherichia coli O157:H7
13 1782 Methanococcus jannaschii
14 1774 Haemophilus influenzae
15 1571 Salmonella typhimurium
16 1495 Escherichia coli O6
17 1468 Shigella flexneri
18 1407 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
19 1403 Gallus gallus (Chicken)
20 1261 Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
21 1164 Salmonella typhi
22 1147 Mycobacterium bovis
23 1106 Pongo pygmaeus (Orangutan)
24 1071 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
25 1065 Sus scrofa (Pig)
26 969 Synechocystis sp. (strain PCC 6803)
27 969 Archaeoglobus fulgidus
28 858 Yersinia pestis
29 857 Vibrio cholerae
30 845 Rhizobium meliloti (Sinorhizobium meliloti)
31 806 Oryza sativa (Rice)
32 792 Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit)
33 750 Aquifex aeolicus
34 721 Brachydanio rerio (Zebrafish) (Danio rerio)
35 718 Pasteurella multocida
36 700 Vibrio parahaemolyticus
37 687 Mycoplasma pneumoniae
38 681 Staphylococcus aureus (strain Mu50 / ATCC 700699)
39 679 Staphylococcus aureus (strain N315)
40 666 Streptomyces coelicolor
41 663 Staphylococcus aureus (strain MW2)
42 661 Staphylococcus aureus (strain COL)
43 660 Staphylococcus aureus (strain MRSA252)
44 659 Staphylococcus aureus (strain MSSA476)
45 652 Bacillus halodurans
46 643 Vibrio vulnificus
47 641 Canis familiaris (Dog)
48 627 Mycobacterium leprae
49 623 Vibrio vulnificus (strain YJ016)
50 608 Treponema pallidum
51 605 Anabaena sp. (strain PCC 7120)
52 587 Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum
53 577 Pseudomonas putida (strain KT2440)
54 576 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
55 572 Buchnera aphidicola subsp. Acyrthosiphon pisum
56 570 Staphylococcus epidermidis (strain ATCC 35984 / RP62A)
57 570 Staphylococcus epidermidis (strain ATCC 12228)
58 569 Bacillus anthracis
59 567 Helicobacter pylori (Campylobacter pylori)
60 562 Buchnera aphidicola subsp. Schizaphis graminum
61 555 Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii
62 554 Bradyrhizobium japonicum
63 550 Macaca fascicularis (Crab eating macaque) (Cynomolgus monkey)
64 550 Neurospora crassa
65 548 Helicobacter pylori J99 (Campylobacter pylori J99)
66 548 Rickettsia prowazekii
67 541 Ralstonia solanacearum (Pseudomonas solanacearum)
68 540 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (Streptococcus lactis)
69 537 Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58 / ATCC 33970)
70 535 Zea mays (Maize)
71 534 Candida albicans (Yeast)
72 533 Listeria monocytogenes
73 529 Rhizobium loti (Mesorhizobium loti)
74 527 Listeria innocua
75 523 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
76 518 Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
77 512 Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee)
78 512 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A
79 511 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B
80 510 Ashbya gossypii (Yeast) (Eremothecium gossypii)
81 507 Buchnera aphidicola subsp. Baizongia pistaciae
82 505 Shewanella oneidensis
83 502 Clostridium acetobutylicum
84 497 Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 14579 / DSM 31)
85 496 Caulobacter crescentus (Caulobacter vibrioides)
86 495 Kluyveromyces lactis (Yeast) (Candida sphaerica)
87 483 Mycoplasma genitalium
88 480 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri
89 474 Thermotoga maritima
90 474 Streptococcus pneumoniae
91 464 Xylella fastidiosa
92 463 Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b (strain F2365)
93 462 Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Pectobacterium atrosepticum)
94 455 Deinococcus radiodurans
95 455 Xylella fastidiosa (strain Temecula1 / ATCC 700964)
96 449 Haemophilus ducreyi
97 448 Brucella melitensis
98 448 Oceanobacillus iheyensis
99 448 Brucella suis
100 441 Pyrococcus horikoshii
101 441 Candida glabrata (Yeast) (Torulopsis glabrata)
102 440 Mimivirus
103 440 Corynebacterium glutamicum (Brevibacterium flavum)
104 439 Methanosarcina acetivorans
105 438 Clostridium perfringens
106 436 Pyrococcus abyssi
107 434 Halobacterium salinarium (Halobacterium halobium)
108 433 Chlamydia trachomatis
109 422 Salmonella paratyphi-a
110 420 Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease spirochete)
111 420 Methanosarcina mazei (Methanosarcina frisia)
112 416 Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6)
113 414 Chlamydia pneumoniae (Chlamydophila pneumoniae)
114 411 Pyrococcus furiosus
115 410 Nicotiana tabacum (Common tobacco)
116 409 Bordetella bronchiseptica (Alcaligenes bronchisepticus)
117 407 Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis
118 404 Chlamydia muridarum
119 404 Rhizobium sp. (strain NGR234)
120 403 Lactobacillus plantarum
121 401 Chromobacterium violaceum
122 399 Bordetella pertussis
123 398 Campylobacter jejuni
124 397 Bordetella parapertussis
125 397 Ovis aries (Sheep)
126 397 Synechococcus elongatus (Thermosynechococcus elongatus)
127 395 Streptococcus mutans
128 394 Enterococcus faecalis (Streptococcus faecalis)
129 391 Sulfolobus solfataricus
130 390 Photobacterium profundum (Photobacterium sp. (strain SS9))
131 385 Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1
132 384 Streptomyces avermitilis
133 383 Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M6
134 383 Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 10987)
135 380 Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M18
136 379 Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M3
137 378 Staphylococcus aureus
138 375 Emericella nidulans (Aspergillus nidulans)
139 375 Rickettsia conorii
140 360 Chlorobium tepidum
141 356 Pyrococcus kodakaraensis (Thermococcus kodakaraensis)
142 355 Corynebacterium efficiens
143 350 Yarrowia lipolytica (Candida lipolytica)
144 344 Aeropyrum pernix
145 344 Nitrosomonas europaea
146 342 Methanopyrus kandleri
147 341 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. konkukian
148 340 Leptospira interrogans
149 338 Rhodopseudomonas palustris
150 338 Pisum sativum (Garden pea)
151 330 Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar copenhageni
152 328 Gloeobacter violaceus
153 326 Streptococcus agalactiae serotype III
154 325 Dictyostelium discoideum (Slime mold)
155 324 Streptococcus agalactiae serotype V
156 324 Acinetobacter sp. (strain ADP1)
157 322 Sulfolobus tokodaii
158 320 Salmonella choleraesuis
159 318 Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato)
160 317 Debaryomyces hansenii (Yeast) (Torulaspora hansenii)
161 316 Synechococcus sp. (strain WH8102)
162 309 Prochlorococcus marinus (strain MIT 9313)
163 309 Prochlorococcus marinus
164 306 Thermoplasma acidophilum
165 305 Burkholderia pseudomallei (Pseudomonas pseudomallei)
166 304 Rhodopirellula baltica
167 303 Bacillus cereus (strain ZK / E33L)
168 298 Bacillus clausii (strain KSM-K16)
169 298 Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum
170 295 Mannheimia succiniciproducens (strain MBEL55E)
171 294 Triticum aestivum (Wheat)
172 290 Prochlorococcus marinus subsp. pastoris (strain CCMP 1378 / MED4)
173 287 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
174 287 Coxiella burnetii
175 287 Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque)
176 283 Burkholderia mallei (Pseudomonas mallei)
177 283 Glycine max (Soybean)
178 282 Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
179 281 Methylococcus capsulatus
180 281 Pseudomonas putida
181 280 Solanum tuberosum (Potato)
182 276 Hordeum vulgare (Barley)
183 275 Geobacter sulfurreducens
184 275 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
185 274 Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig)
186 274 Pyrobaculum aerophilum
187 274 Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
188 273 Bacillus licheniformis (strain DSM 13 / ATCC 14580)
189 273 Clostridium tetani
190 273 Vibrio fischeri (strain ATCC 700601 / ES114)
191 271 Wolinella succinogenes
192 270 Thermoplasma volcanium
193 270 Synechococcus sp. (strain PCC 6301) (Anacystis nidulans)
194 268 Bacteriophage T4
195 266 Geobacillus kaustophilus
196 261 Staphylococcus haemolyticus (strain JCSC1435)
197 261 Rhodobacter capsulatus (Rhodopseudomonas capsulata)
198 259 Corynebacterium diphtheriae
199 257 Nocardia farcinica
200 257 Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / NCIMB 8303)
201 255 Zymomonas mobilis
202 254 Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) (VACV)
203 252 Ureaplasma parvum (Ureaplasma urealyticum biotype 1)
204 251 Idiomarina loihiensis
205 251 Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus
206 250 Wigglesworthia glossinidia brevipalpis
207 247 Spinacia oleracea (Spinach)
208 246 Thermus thermophilus (strain HB27 / ATCC BAA-163 / DSM 7039)
209 245 Bifidobacterium longum
210 244 Helicobacter hepaticus
211 242 Equus caballus (Horse)
212 237 Symbiobacterium thermophilum
213 237 Porphyromonas gingivalis (Bacteroides gingivalis)
214 236 Chlamydophila caviae
215 235 Bacillus stearothermophilus (Geobacillus stearothermophilus)
216 235 Haloarcula marismortui (Halobacterium marismortui)
217 235 Methanococcus maripaludis
218 234 Aspergillus fumigatus (Sartorya fumigata)
219 230 Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli
220 224 Blochmannia floridanus
221 223 Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila
222 220 Porphyra purpurea
223 220 Silicibacter pomeroyi
224 219 Legionella pneumophila (strain Paris)
225 217 Azoarcus sp. (strain EbN1)
226 217 Legionella pneumophila (strain Lens)
227 217 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
228 214 Lactobacillus johnsonii
229 213 Bacteroides fragilis
230 211 Klebsiella pneumoniae
231 211 Synechococcus sp. (strain PCC 7942) (Anacystis nidulans R2)
232 210 Brucella abortus
233 207 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (strain ATCC 700825 / FA 1090)
234 207 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
235 203 Campylobacter jejuni (strain RM1221)
236 202 Bartonella henselae (Rochalimaea henselae)
237 200 Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)
238 200 Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve / WR) (VACV)
239 200 Propionibacterium acnes
3.3 Taxonomic distribution of the sequences
Kingdom sequences (% of the database)
Archaea 10342 ( 5%)
Bacteria 106509 ( 48%)
Eukaryota 95502 ( 43%)
Viruses 9936 ( 4%)
Within Eukaryota:
Category sequences (% of Eukaryota) (% of the complete database)
Human 14037 ( 15%) ( 6%)
Other Mammalia 28693 ( 30%) ( 13%)
Other Vertebrata 8503 ( 9%) ( 4%)
Viridiplantae 15348 ( 16%) ( 7%)
Fungi 14864 ( 16%) ( 7%)
Insecta 4576 ( 5%) ( 2%)
Nematoda 3226 ( 3%) ( 1%)
Other 6255 ( 7%) ( 3%)
4. SEQUENCE SIZE
Repartition of the sequences by size (excluding fragments)
From To Number From To Number
1- 50 4291 1001-1100 1929
51- 100 15692 1101-1200 1293
101- 150 22826 1201-1300 1026
151- 200 21659 1301-1400 836
201- 250 22185 1401-1500 664
251- 300 19011 1501-1600 356
301- 350 19688 1601-1700 253
351- 400 17719 1701-1800 205
401- 450 14245 1801-1900 203
451- 500 11517 1901-2000 165
501- 550 8978 2001-2100 108
551- 600 6102 2101-2200 161
601- 650 5221 2201-2300 139
651- 700 3659 2301-2400 101
701- 750 2997 2401-2500 83
751- 800 2488 >2500 577
801- 850 2104
851- 900 2325
901- 950 1709
951-1000 1340
The average sequence length in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot is 367 amino acids.
The shortest sequence is GWA_SEPOF (P83570): 2 amino acids.
The longest sequence is DIG1_CAEEL (Q09165): 13100 amino acids.
5. JOURNAL CITATIONS
Note: the following citation statistics reflect the number of distinct
journal citations.
Total number of journals cited in this release of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: 1700
5.1 Table of the frequency of journal citations
Journals cited 1x: 594
2x: 234
3x: 127
4x: 80
5x: 65
6x: 45
7x: 28
8x: 38
9x: 25
10x: 13
11- 20x: 120
21- 50x: 146
51-100x: 64
>100x: 121
5.2 List of the most cited journals in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Nb Citations Journal name
-- --------- -------------------------------------------------------------
1 13585 Journal of Biological Chemistry
2 6599 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A.
3 4337 Journal of Bacteriology
4 4050 Gene
5 3971 Nucleic Acids Research
6 3535 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
7 3391 FEBS Letters
8 3102 Biochemistry
9 3000 The EMBO Journal
10 2874 European Journal of Biochemistry
11 2663 Nature
12 2536 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
13 2399 Molecular and Cellular Biology
14 2350 Journal of Molecular Biology
15 2199 Genomics
16 2127 Cell
17 1723 Biochemical Journal
18 1609 Science
19 1410 Molecular Microbiology
20 1292 Plant Molecular Biology
21 1263 Molecular and General Genetics
22 1122 Journal of Cell Biology
23 1048 Journal of Virology
24 1044 Virology
25 1043 Journal of Biochemistry
26 1025 Human Molecular Genetics
27 976 Nature Genetics
28 953 Genes and Development
29 855 Oncogene
30 854 Plant Physiology
31 845 The American Journal of Human Genetics
32 781 Human Mutation
33 726 Journal of Immunology
34 707 Infection and Immunity
35 686 Structure
36 681 Development
37 660 Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
38 659 Yeast
39 656 Genetics
40 631 Journal of General Virology
41 588 Microbiology
42 538 FEMS Microbiology Letters
43 531 Nature Structural Biology
44 519 Molecular Biology of the Cell
45 512 Blood
46 485 The Plant Cell
47 477 Human Genetics
48 464 Current Genetics
49 438 Cancer Research
50 424 Journal of Cell Science
51 418 Applied and Environmental Microbiology
52 418 Molecular Cell
53 409 Developmental Biology
54 405 Journal of Clinical Investigation
55 398 Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology
56 397 The Plant Journal
57 395 Protein Science
58 393 Mechanisms of Development
59 388 Mammalian Genome
60 384 Acta Crystallographica, Section D
61 383 Neuron
62 373 Molecular Endocrinology
63 360 The Journal of Experimental Medicine
64 356 Immunogenetics
65 350 Journal of Neuroscience
66 334 Journal of Molecular Evolution
67 332 Current Biology
68 328 Endocrinology
69 325 DNA and Cell Biology
70 307 Journal of Neurochemistry
71 290 DNA Sequence
72 286 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
73 285 Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler
74 277 American Journal of Physiology
75 273 Molecular Biology and Evolution
76 267 Toxicon
77 265 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry
78 260 Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research
79 244 Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
80 241 Journal of General Microbiology
81 222 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
82 222 Proteins
83 214 Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur Physiologische Chemie
84 209 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
85 203 Molecular Pharmacology
86 194 Journal of Medical Genetics
87 192 Peptides
88 189 Journal of Investigative Dermatology
89 175 DNA Research
90 174 Plant and Cell Physiology
91 171 Biology of Reproduction
92 167 Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
93 166 Genome Research
94 165 Virus Research
95 158 European Journal of Immunology
96 158 DNA
97 153 Tissue Antigens
98 151 Biochimie
99 146 Nature Cell Biology
100 145 Hemoglobin
101 144 Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
102 142 Experimental Cell Research
103 140 Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia
104 140 American Journal of Medical Genetics
105 139 RNA
106 130 Archives of Microbiology
107 130 Annals of Neurology
108 127 Neurology
109 126 European Journal of Human Genetics
110 125 Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
111 125 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
112 119 Journal of Human Genetics
113 118 Agricultural and Biological Chemistry
114 118 Immunity
115 114 General and Comparative Endocrinology
116 113 Developmental Dynamics
117 111 Diabetes
118 110 Planta
119 108 Molecular Immunology
120 108 Genes to Cells
121 107 Molecular Reproduction and Development
122 100 Journal of Protein Chemistry
6. STATISTICS FOR SOME LINE TYPES
The following table summarizes the total number of some UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot lines,
as well as the number of entries with at least one such line, and the
frequency of the lines.
Total Number of Average
Line type / subtype number entries per entry
--------------------------------- -------- --------- ---------
References (RL) 435045 1.96
Journal 383401 205296 1.72
Submitted to EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ 48324 41484 0.22
Submitted to Swiss-Prot 731 728 <0.01
Unpublished observations 591 586 <0.01
Book citation 550 538 <0.01
Plant Gene Register 524 512 <0.01
Submitted to other databases 451 442 <0.01
Thesis 335 333 <0.01
Patent 132 130 <0.01
Worm Breeder's Gazette 6 6 <0.01
Comments (CC) 881518 3.97
SIMILARITY 248995 201780 1.12
FUNCTION 153738 149327 0.69
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION 119386 119386 0.54
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY 83382 77265 0.38
SUBUNIT 79044 79044 0.36
PATHWAY 43828 37904 0.20
COFACTOR 33098 29781 0.15
TISSUE SPECIFICITY 22576 22576 0.10
MISCELLANEOUS 18666 16988 0.08
PTM 16949 14335 0.08
DOMAIN 12426 10848 0.06
ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS 9183 9183 0.04
CAUTION 8458 7515 0.04
INDUCTION 6256 6256 0.03
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE 5437 5437 0.02
INTERACTION 5241 5241 0.02
DISEASE 3333 2421 0.01
ENZYME REGULATION 3297 3297 0.01
WEB RESOURCE 2650 2198 0.01
MASS SPECTROMETRY 2284 1924 0.01
BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 1415 1415 0.01
POLYMORPHISM 543 531 <0.01
RNA EDITING 446 446 <0.01
ALLERGEN 406 406 <0.01
TOXIC DOSE 294 293 <0.01
BIOTECHNOLOGY 125 125 <0.01
PHARMACEUTICAL 62 62 <0.01
Features (FT) 1641920 7.39
CHAIN 225649 219050 1.02
STRAND 177477 8416 0.80
TRANSMEM 141710 30894 0.64
TURN 108207 8399 0.49
METAL 93856 23135 0.42
CONFLICT 79765 27675 0.36
HELIX 75313 8160 0.34
TOPO_DOM 72874 14864 0.33
DOMAIN 70126 38162 0.32
CARBOHYD 67286 16964 0.30
DISULFID 67250 17444 0.30
ACT_SITE 52788 30894 0.24
REPEAT 48040 7024 0.22
VARIANT 38965 7678 0.18
BINDING 38428 17101 0.17
MOD_RES 35039 16388 0.16
NP_BIND 32065 22851 0.14
REGION 30909 16320 0.14
SIGNAL 21745 21735 0.10
COMPBIAS 21676 12148 0.10
VAR_SEQ 19563 8570 0.09
MUTAGEN 16181 4020 0.07
ZN_FING 15853 6166 0.07
MOTIF 15342 10251 0.07
SITE 13020 7384 0.06
NON_TER 10833 8283 0.05
INIT_MET 9526 9526 0.04
COILED 7259 4591 0.03
PROPEP 6979 5839 0.03
LIPID 6389 4148 0.03
DNA_BIND 6217 5804 0.03
PEPTIDE 6007 3672 0.03
TRANSIT 3809 3774 0.02
CA_BIND 2453 996 0.01
CROSSLNK 1533 1070 0.01
NON_CONS 1128 523 0.01
UNSURE 433 175 <0.01
SE_CYS 227 160 <0.01
Cross-references (DR) 2651245 11.93
InterPro 533792 205926 2.40
EMBL 418849 214245 1.88
Pfam 283198 199672 1.27
PROSITE 206361 126572 0.93
GenomeReviews 123803 111797 0.56
GO 107621 27601 0.48
PIR 95678 89375 0.43
TIGRFAMs 86567 80907 0.39
PRINTS 84536 66061 0.38
HAMAP 82213 82096 0.37
HSSP 77318 77318 0.35
BioCyc 69625 64431 0.31
SMART 63133 47858 0.28
ProDom 58601 56498 0.26
UniGene 49298 45228 0.22
Ensembl 39717 39707 0.18
PDB 34828 9530 0.16
PANTHER 34556 34344 0.16
SMR 29394 29394 0.13
TIGR 21483 20908 0.10
PIRSF 18539 18286 0.08
LinkHub 15918 15912 0.07
HGNC 13439 13381 0.06
MIM 11904 9726 0.05
MGI 10866 10825 0.05
IntAct 8573 8573 0.04
SGD 5486 5419 0.02
MEROPS 5139 4836 0.02
GermOnline 4925 4879 0.02
RGD 4818 4815 0.02
EcoGene 4229 4226 0.02
TAIR 4198 4125 0.02
EchoBASE 4159 4127 0.02
H-InvDB 3677 3659 0.02
WormPep 3337 2847 0.02
WormBase 3040 2962 0.01
GeneDB_Spombe 3038 3003 0.01
FlyBase 3020 2973 0.01
TRANSFAC 2834 2542 0.01
SubtiList 2776 2775 0.01
Gramene 2449 2449 0.01
StyGene 1527 1523 0.01
GeneFarm 1463 1449 0.01
TubercuList 1435 1399 0.01
SWISS-2DPAGE 1169 1169 0.01
ListiList 1061 1053 <0.01
Reactome 1001 1001 <0.01
ZFIN 709 702 <0.01
Leproma 630 627 <0.01
PhotoList 555 555 <0.01
AGD 516 510 <0.01
LegioList 436 436 <0.01
MaizeDB 435 430 <0.01
OGP 372 372 <0.01
HIV 370 365 <0.01
REBASE 352 348 <0.01
ECO2DBASE 351 299 <0.01
SagaList 327 326 <0.01
DictyBase 326 324 <0.01
GlycoSuiteDB 282 282 <0.01
PHCI-2DPAGE 241 241 <0.01
MypuList 187 187 <0.01
Aarhus/Ghent-2DPAGE 128 98 <0.01
Siena-2DPAGE 103 103 <0.01
HSC-2DPAGE 85 85 <0.01
PhosSite 62 62 <0.01
COMPLUYEAST-2DPAGE 59 59 <0.01
PMMA-2DPAGE 52 52 <0.01
Rat-heart-2DPAGE 28 28 <0.01
PptaseDB 28 28 <0.01
ANU-2DPAGE 20 20 <0.01
Number of explicitly cross-referenced databases: 72
Number of implicitly cross-referenced databases: 27
7. MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS
Total number of distinct authors cited in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: 222786
Total number of entries encoded on a Mitochondrion: 3464
Total number of entries encoded on a Plasmid: 3104
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid: 22
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid; Apicoplast: 6
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid; Chloroplast: 5495
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid; Cyanelle: 145
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid; Non-photosynthetic plastid: 88
Number of fragments: 8434
Number of additional sequences produced by alternative splicing, initiation or promoter usage: 14886
| UniProtKB/TrEMBL protein database release 33.0 statistics |
|---|
1. INTRODUCTION
Release 33.0 of 30-May-2006 of UniProtKB/TrEMBL has been produced in synch
with UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot release 50 and EMBL/DDBJ/GenBank nucleotide sequence
database release 86 and updates until the 19-May-2006. It contains
2'948'323 sequence entries comprising 953'383'047 amino acids.
In the document delac_tr.txt, you will find a list of all accession numbers
which were previously present in UniProtKB/TrEMBL, but which have now been
deleted from the database. Most deletions are due to the deletion of the
corresponding CDS in the source nucleotide sequence databases EMBL-
Bank/DDBJ/GenBank. In addition, some entries are recognised to be Open
Reading frames (ORFs) that have been wrongly predicted to code for proteins.
When there is enough evidence that these hypothetical proteins are not real,
we take the decision to remove them from UniProtKB/TrEMBL.
2. AMINO ACID COMPOSITION
2.1 Composition in percent for the complete database
Ala (A) 8.18 Gln (Q) 3.96 Leu (L) 9.81 Ser (S) 6.95
Arg (R) 5.46 Glu (E) 6.05 Lys (K) 5.35 Thr (T) 5.64
Asn (N) 4.38 Gly (G) 6.96 Met (M) 2.39 Trp (W) 1.33
Asp (D) 5.19 His (H) 2.24 Phe (F) 4.08 Tyr (Y) 3.06
Cys (C) 1.41 Ile (I) 5.99 Pro (P) 4.86 Val (V) 6.56
Asx (B) 0.000 Glx (Z) 0.000 Xaa (X) 0.05
2.2 Classification of the amino acids by their frequency
Leu, Ala, Gly, Ser, Val, Glu, Ile, Thr, Arg, Lys, Asp, Pro, Asn, Phe,
Gln, Tyr, Met, His, Cys, Trp
3. TAXONOMIC ORIGIN
Total number of species represented in this release of
UniProtKB/TrEMBL: 110673
The first twenty species represent 637379 sequences: 21.6 % of the
total number of entries.
3.1 Table of the frequency of occurrence of species
Species represented 1x:51889
2x:20887
3x:10829
4x: 5968
5x: 3323
6x: 2571
7x: 1805
8x: 1526
9x: 1170
10x: 1170
11- 20x: 5022
21- 50x: 2285
51-100x: 919
>100x: 1309
3.2 Table of the most represented species
------ --------- --------------------------------------------
Number Frequency Species
------ --------- --------------------------------------------
1 154386 Human immunodeficiency virus 1
2 56935 Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)
3 56171 Homo sapiens (Human)
4 49899 Mus musculus (Mouse)
5 42469 Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)
6 29291 Hepatitis C virus
7 28028 Tetraodon nigroviridis (Green puffer)
8 27315 Tetrahymena thermophila SB210
9 25569 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)
10 20450 Caenorhabditis elegans
11 20133 Trypanosoma cruzi
12 17666 Medicago truncatula (Barrel medic)
13 16045 Brachydanio rerio (Zebrafish) (Danio rerio)
14 15087 Anopheles gambiae str. PEST
15 14666 Plasmodium chabaudi
16 13118 Caenorhabditis briggsae
17 13099 Dictyostelium discoideum AX4
18 12739 uncultured bacterium
19 12233 Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
20 12080 Aspergillus oryzae
21 11866 Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
22 11760 Plasmodium berghei
23 11690 Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum)
24 11034 Chaetomium globosum CBS 148.51
25 10814 Neurospora crassa
26 10092 Drosophila pseudoobscura (Fruit fly)
27 10084 Aspergillus fumigatus (Sartorya fumigata)
28 9695 Schistosoma japonicum (Blood fluke)
29 9695 Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
30 9447 Trypanosoma brucei
31 9343 Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4
32 9090 Entamoeba histolytica HM-1:IMSS
33 8978 Candida albicans SC5314
34 8182 Escherichia coli
35 8102 Bradyrhizobium japonicum
36 8063 Solibacter usitatus Ellin6076
37 7937 Frankia sp. EAN1pec
38 7796 Plasmodium yoelii yoelii
39 7663 Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4
40 7598 Burkholderia sp. (strain 383) (Burkholderia cepacia
41 7543 Streptomyces coelicolor
42 7538 Bos taurus (Bovine)
43 7432 Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1
44 7325 Streptomyces avermitilis
45 7152 Rhizobium loti (Mesorhizobium loti)
46 7128 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841
47 7097 Leishmania major
48 7049 Burkholderia cenocepacia HI2424
49 6967 Rhodopirellula baltica
50 6966 Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58 / ATCC 33970)
51 6717 Hahella chejuensis (strain KCTC 2396)
52 6688 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
53 6679 Psychroflexus torquis ATCC 700755
54 6526 Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD
55 6456 Burkholderia cenocepacia AU 1054
56 6445 Cryptococcus neoformans (Filobasidiella neoformans)
57 6415 Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A
58 6410 Ustilago maydis 521
59 6394 Giardia lamblia ATCC 50803
60 6299 Ralstonia metallidurans (strain CH34)
61 6295 Ralstonia eutropha (strain JMP134) (Alcaligenes eutrophus)
62 6256 Yarrowia lipolytica (Candida lipolytica)
63 6221 Burkholderia pseudomallei (strain 1710b)
64 6219 Bacillus anthracis
65 6129 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis ATCC 35646
66 6028 Debaryomyces hansenii (Yeast) (Torulaspora hansenii)
67 5973 Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1
68 5959 Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain Pf-5 / ATCC BAA-477)
69 5906 Rhizobium etli (strain CFN 42 / ATCC 51251)
70 5904 Bacillus cereus G9241
71 5862 Rhizobium meliloti (Sinorhizobium meliloti)
72 5852 Mycobacterium sp. KMS
73 5689 Bacillus sp. NRRL B-14911
74 5687 Mycobacterium sp. JLS
75 5683 Nocardia farcinica
76 5667 Crocosphaera watsonii
77 5646 Polaromonas sp. JS666
78 5632 Burkholderia pseudomallei (Pseudomonas pseudomallei)
79 5605 Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain PfO-1)
80 5604 Gallus gallus (Chicken)
81 5589 Plasmodium falciparum
82 5580 Mycobacterium sp. MCS
83 5575 Chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus (SIV-cpz)
84 5541 Anabaena sp. (strain PCC 7120)
85 5538 Photobacterium profundum 3TCK
86 5525 Burkholderia thailandensis (strain E264 / ATCC 700388 / DSM 13276 / CIP 106301)
87 5523 Bacillus weihenstephanensis KBAB4
88 5513 Mycobacterium flavescens PYR-GCK
89 5508 Anabaena variabilis (strain ATCC 29413 / PCC 7937)
90 5451 Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 10987)
91 5335 Bacillus cereus (strain ZK / E33L)
92 5307 Helicobacter pylori (Campylobacter pylori)
93 5245 Pseudomonas putida F1
94 5236 Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis)
95 5209 Plasmodium falciparum (isolate 3D7)
96 5198 Escherichia coli (strain UTI89 / UPEC)
97 5126 Streptococcus pneumoniae
98 5084 Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222
99 5053 Clostridium beijerincki NCIMB 8052
100 5024 Xanthobacter sp. (strain Py2)
3.3 Taxonomic distribution of the sequences
Kingdom sequences (% of the database)
Archaea 64704 ( 2%)
Bacteria 1403934 ( 48%)
Eukaryota 1079778 ( 37%)
Viruses 397199 ( 13%)
Other 2706 ( <1%)
Within Eukaryota:
Category sequences (% of Eukaryota) (% of the complete database)
Human 56171 ( 5%) ( 2%)
Other Mammalia 118643 ( 11%) ( 4%)
Other Vertebrata 147130 ( 14%) ( 5%)
Viridiplantae 229637 ( 21%) ( 8%)
Fungi 149949 ( 14%) ( 5%)
Insecta 113478 ( 11%) ( 4%)
Nematoda 36769 ( 3%) ( 1%)
Other 228001 ( 21%) ( 8%)
4. SEQUENCE SIZE
Repartition of the sequences by size (excluding fragments)
From To Number From To Number
1- 50 37583 1001-1100 17797
51- 100 191311 1101-1200 12738
101- 150 241118 1201-1300 9058
151- 200 228166 1301-1400 5997
201- 250 228527 1401-1500 4957
251- 300 215399 1501-1600 3549
301- 350 202986 1601-1700 2812
351- 400 161957 1701-1800 2427
401- 450 130194 1801-1900 1783
451- 500 111941 1901-2000 1515
501- 550 82265 2001-2100 1112
551- 600 60188 2101-2200 1213
601- 650 45640 2201-2300 1004
651- 700 35499 2301-2400 824
701- 750 31079 2401-2500 602
751- 800 27240 >2500 5521
801- 850 20845
851- 900 18276
901- 950 13569
951-1000 10654
The average sequence length in UniProtKB/TrEMBL is 323 amino acids.
The shortest sequence is Q96AT0_HUMAN: 4 amino acids.
The longest sequence is Q3ASY8_CHLCH: 36805 amino acids.
5. STATISTICS FOR SOME LINE TYPES
The following table summarizes the total number of some UniProtKB/TrEMBL
lines, as well as the number of entries with at least one such line, and the
frequency of the lines.
Total Number of Average
Line type / subtype number entries per entry
--------------------------------- -------- --------- ---------
References (RL) 4669308 1.58
Journal 2465151 1767061 0.84
Submitted to EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ 2155290 1480848 0.73
Thesis 7092 7049 <0.01
Book citation 5703 5650 <0.01
Submitted to other databases 433 425 <0.01
Other 35639 21853 0.01
Comments (CC) 1376078 0.47
CAUTION 656158 656158 0.22
SIMILARITY 263637 259013 0.09
FUNCTION 107439 103591 0.04
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION 99911 99911 0.03
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY 84184 81162 0.03
SUBUNIT 73235 73235 0.02
COFACTOR 57259 57259 0.02
PATHWAY 17020 14720 0.01
DOMAIN 8228 6479 <0.01
INTERACTION 4964 4964 <0.01
MISCELLANEOUS 3941 3911 <0.01
MASS SPECTROMETRY 106 60 <0.01
ALLERGEN 16 16 <0.01
Features (FT) 1451448 0.49
NON_TER 1301420 778886 0.44
SIGNAL 101901 98278 0.03
CHAIN 47553 28355 0.02
TRANSIT 574 570 <0.01
Cross-references (DR) 22518476 7.64
GO 5573650 1583402 1.89
InterPro 4697855 2145112 1.59
EMBL 3357754 2939600 1.14
Pfam 2693145 2002284 0.91
PROSITE 1460980 943854 0.50
GenomeReviews 756281 711148 0.26
PRINTS 616501 512569 0.21
SMART 478052 376438 0.16
TIGRFAMs 382823 353844 0.13
SMR 360014 359986 0.12
ProDom 338676 325068 0.11
PANTHER 311255 298522 0.11
BioCyc 295799 276419 0.10
HSSP 280639 280240 0.10
PIR 195935 160405 0.07
TIGR 124901 118614 0.04
UniGene 118729 113983 0.04
Ensembl 106727 106725 0.04
PIRSF 74400 73601 0.03
Gramene 74077 74076 0.03
MGI 48592 45388 0.02
FlyBase 27208 27170 0.01
TAIR 20318 20251 0.01
WormPep 18713 18632 0.01
WormBase 18712 18632 0.01
LinkHub 15746 15746 0.01
MEROPS 12975 12530 <0.01
ZFIN 12644 12639 <0.01
IntAct 5800 5800 <0.01
LegioList 5467 5437 <0.01
ListiList 4754 4737 <0.01
AGD 4200 4200 <0.01
PhotoList 4125 4001 <0.01
HGNC 4003 4002 <0.01
PDB 3654 2197 <0.01
TubercuList 2554 2548 <0.01
RGD 2041 2030 <0.01
GeneDB_Spombe 1951 1938 <0.01
SagaList 1767 1673 <0.01
SGD 1221 1203 <0.01
DictyBase 978 978 <0.01
Leproma 977 976 <0.01
TRANSFAC 929 917 <0.01
MypuList 595 591 <0.01
REBASE 124 119 <0.01
PHCI-2DPAGE 106 106 <0.01
ANU-2DPAGE 65 65 <0.01
SWISS-2DPAGE 49 49 <0.01
Reactome 9 9 <0.01
PMMA-2DPAGE 3 3 <0.01
Siena-2DPAGE 2 2 <0.01
COMPLUYEAST-2DPAGE 1 1 <0.01
Number of explicitly cross-referenced databases: 72
6. MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS
Total number of distinct authors cited in UniProtKB/TrEMBL: 228833
Total number of entries encoded on a Mitochondrion: 132715
Total number of entries encoded on a Plasmid: 48188
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid: 2601
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid; Apicoplast: 122
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid; Chloroplast: 47787
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid; Cyanelle: 7
Total number of entries encoded on a Plastid; Non-photosynthetic plastid: 165
Number of fragments: 722286
| Submissions and Updates |
|---|
We welcome feedback from our users. We would especially appreciate your notifying us if you find that sequences belonging to your field of expertise are missing from the database. We also would like to be notified about annotations to be updated, if, for example, the function of a protein has been clarified or if new information about post-translational modifications has become available.
Submit new sequence data, updates and corrections at http://www.uniprot.org/support/submissions.shtml
For all queries regarding submissions to UniProtKB and to submit new protein sequence data, please contact:
UniProt Knowledgebase
The EMBL Outstation - The European Bioinformatics Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton
Cambridge CB10 1SD
United Kingdom
Telephone: (+44 1223) 494 462
Telefax: (+44 1223) 494 468
E-mail:
| Download information |
|---|
The latest data of the UniProt Knowledgebase is available in various format (flatfile, XML or FASTA) at http://www.uniprot.org/database/download.shtml. The data is further supplemented by a file containing the sequences of all additional alternative isoforms annotated in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. This data set is documented in the file ftp://ftp.uniprot.org/pub/databases/uniprot/current_release/knowledgebase/complete/README.varsplic
For users who wish to download the UniProt Knowledgebase only occasionally, we distribute the latest major release (updated 3 times per year) in flatfile format. Previous UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL are archived under ftp://ftp.uniprot.org/pub/databases/uniprot/previous_major_releases. The UniProt Knowledgebase major release is also available on CD-ROM from the EBI.
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| Citation |
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If you want to cite UniProt in a publication please use the following reference:
Wu C.H., Apweiler R., Bairoch A., Natale D.A., Barker W.C., Boeckmann B., Ferro S., Gasteiger E., Huang H., Lopez R., Magrane M., Martin M.J., Mazumder R., O'Donovan C., Redaschi N., Suzek B. The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt): an expanding universe of protein information. Nucleic Acids Res. 34: D187-D191 (2006).
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