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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q9BQB6


[Entry info] [Name and origin] [References] [Comments] [Cross-references] [Keywords] [Features] [Sequence] [Tools]

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Entry information
Entry name VKOR1_HUMAN
Primary accession number Q9BQB6
Secondary accession numbers Q6UX90 Q7Z2R4
Integrated into Swiss-Prot on April 12, 2005
Sequence was last modified on June 1, 2001 (Sequence version 1)
Annotations were last modified on    July 22, 2008 (Entry version 46)
Name and origin of the protein
Protein name Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1
Synonyms EC 1.1.4.1
Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide reductase subunit 1
Gene name
Name: VKORC1
Synonyms: VKOR
ORFNames: MSTP134, MSTP576, UNQ308/PRO351
From
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] 
Taxonomy Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
Protein existence 1: Evidence at protein level;
References
[1]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, VARIANTS COUMARIN RESISTANCE LEU-29; ALA-45; GLY-58 AND ARG-128, AND VARIANT VKCFD2 TRP-98.
TISSUE=Kidney;
DOI=10.1038/nature02214; PubMed=14765194 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Rost S., Fregin A., Ivaskevicius V., Conzelmann E., Hoertnagel K., Pelz H.-J., Lappegard K., Seifried E., Scharrer I., Tuddenham E.G.D., Mueller C.R., Strom T.M., Oldenburg J.;
"Mutations in VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2.";
Nature 427:537-541(2004).
[2]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND FUNCTION.
DOI=10.1038/nature02254; PubMed=14765195 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Li T., Chang C.-Y., Jin D.-Y., Lin P.-J., Khvorova A., Stafford D.W.;
"Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase.";
Nature 427:541-544(2004).
[3]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2).
TISSUE=Aorta;
Liu B., Qin B.M., Sheng H., Zhao B., Liu Y.Q., Wang X.Y., Zhang Q., Song L., Lu H., Xu H.S., Zheng W.Y., Gong J., Wang Y.B., Liu Y.Q., Zhang C.N., Shi Y., Wang W., Zhang Z., Yang X., Han Y., Chen J.Z., Liu B.H., Hui R.T.;
Submitted (NOV-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
[4]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
Rieder M.J., Daniels R.L., da Ponte S.H., Hastings N.C., Ahearn M.O., Rajkumar N., Yi Q., Nickerson D.A.;
"SeattleSNPs. NHLBI HL66682 program for genomic applications, UW-FHCRC, Seattle, WA (URL: http://pga.gs.washington.edu).";
Submitted (MAR-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
[5]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
TISSUE=Lung;
DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; PubMed=15489334 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
The MGC Project Team;
"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
[6]
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 44-163 (ISOFORM 1).
DOI=10.1101/gr.1293003; PubMed=12975309 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Clark H.F., Gurney A.L., Abaya E., Baker K., Baldwin D.T., Brush J., Chen J., Chow B., Chui C., Crowley C., Currell B., Deuel B., Dowd P., Eaton D., Foster J.S., Grimaldi C., Gu Q., Hass P.E., Heldens S., Huang A., Kim H.S., Klimowski L., Jin Y., Johnson S., Lee J., Lewis L., Liao D., Mark M.R., Robbie E., Sanchez C., Schoenfeld J., Seshagiri S., Simmons L., Singh J., Smith V., Stinson J., Vagts A., Vandlen R.L., Watanabe C., Wieand D., Woods K., Xie M.-H., Yansura D.G., Yi S., Yu G., Yuan J., Zhang M., Zhang Z., Goddard A.D., Wood W.I., Godowski P.J., Gray A.M.;
"The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.";
Genome Res. 13:2265-2270(2003).
[7]
POTENTIAL REDOX ACTIVE SITE.
DOI=10.1016/j.tibs.2004.04.004; PubMed=15276181 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Goodstadt L., Ponting C.P.;
"Vitamin K epoxide reductase: homology, active site and catalytic mechanism.";
Trends Biochem. Sci. 29:289-292(2004).
[8]
TOPOLOGY.
DOI=10.1074/jbc.M500765200; PubMed=15716279 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Tie J.-K., Nicchitta C., von Heijne G., Stafford D.W.;
"Membrane topology mapping of vitamin K epoxide reductase by in vitro translation/cotranslocation.";
J. Biol. Chem. 280:16410-16416(2005).
[9]
MUTAGENESIS, AND POTENTIAL REDOX ACTIVE SITE.
PubMed=16270630 [NCBI, ExPASy, EBI, Israel, Japan]
Rost S., Fregin A., Hunerberg M., Bevans C.G., Muller C.R., Oldenburg J.;
"Site-directed mutagenesis of coumarin-type anticoagulant-sensitive VKORC1: evidence that highly conserved amino acids define structural requirements for enzymatic activity and inhibition by warfarin.";
Thromb. Haemost. 94:780-786(2005).
Comments
  • FUNCTION: Involved in vitamin K metabolism. Catalytic subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex which reduces inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K.
  • CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol.
  • SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
  • ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms [FASTA] produced by alternative splicing.
    Name1
    SynonymsMST576
    Isoform IDQ9BQB6-1
    This is the isoform sequence displayed in this entry.
    Name2
    SynonymsMST134
    Isoform IDQ9BQB6-2
    Features which should be applied to build the isoform sequence: VSP_013363.
  • TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed at highest levels in fetal and adult liver, followed by fetal heart, kidney, and lung, adult heart, and pancreas.
  • DISEASE: Defects in VKORC1 are a cause of combined eficiency of all vitamin K-dependent clotting factors type 2 (VKCFD2) [MIM:607473]. VKCFD leads to a bleeding tendency that is usually reversed by oral administration of vitamin K.
  • DISEASE: Defects in VKORC1 are a cause of coumarin resistance [MIM:122700]; also known as warfarin resistance. Warfarin and other coumarin-type anticoagulants are used to reduce blood viscosity in the treatment of thromboembolic disorders.
  • MISCELLANEOUS: The location of two cysteine active-site residues within a proposed transmembrane is consistent both with the known hydrophobic environment of the thiol redox site of the enzyme and with the lipophilicity of vitamin K and warfarin.
  • SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VKOR family.
Copyright
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms. Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.
Cross-references
Sequence databases
EMBL
AY423044; AAR82914.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AY521634; AAS01052.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AF176924; AAQ13668.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AY466113; AAR28759.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AY587020; AAS83106.1; -; Genomic_DNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
BC002911; AAH02911.1; -; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
AY358456; AAQ88821.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA.[EMBL / GenBank / DDBJ] [CoDingSequence]
RefSeq NP_076869.1; -.
UniGene Hs.324844
3D structure databases
ModBase Q9BQB6.
Polymorphism databases
SeattleSNPs VKORC1.
Organism-specific databases
H-InvDB HIX0012979; -.
HIX0079837; -.
HGNC HGNC:23663; VKORC1.
GenAtlas VKORC1.
MIM 122700; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
607473; phenotype. [NCBI / EBI]
608547; gene. [NCBI / EBI]
PharmGKB PA133787052; -.
GeneCards Q9BQB6.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress Q9BQB6; -.
CleanEx HS_VKORC1; -.
GermOnline ENSG00000167397; Homo sapiens.
Ontologies
GO
GO:0005789; Cellular component: endoplasmic reticulum membrane (inferred from electronic annotation from UniProtKB-SubCell).
GO:0047057; Molecular function: vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) activity (inferred from electronic annotation from EC).
QuickGo view.
Family and domain databases
InterPro IPR012932; VKOR.
Graphical view of domain structure.
Pfam PF07884; VKOR; 1.
Pfam graphical view of domain structure.
SMART SM00756; VKc; 1.
SMART graphical view of domain structure.
BLOCKS Q9BQB6.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl ENSG00000167397; Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID 79001; -.
KEGG hsa:79001; -.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM Q9BQB6; -.
HOVERGEN Q9BQB6; -.
Other
DrugBank DB01418; Acenocoumarol.
DB00266; Dicumarol.
DB00170; Menadione.
DB00498; Phenindione.
DB00946; Phenprocoumon.
DB00682; Warfarin.
SOURCE VKORC1; Homo sapiens.
ProtoNet Q9BQB6.
UniRef View cluster of proteins with at least 50% / 90% / 100% identity.
Keywords
Alternative splicing; Disease mutation; Endoplasmic reticulum; Membrane; Oxidoreductase; Redox-active center; Transmembrane.
Features
SEVIEWER logo Feature table viewer FT aligner logo Feature aligner
KeyFrom   To Length Description FTId
CHAIN   1   163  163     Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1. PRO_0000191668
TOPO_DOM   1     8  8     Lumenal (Potential). 
TRANSMEM   9    29  21     Potential. 
TOPO_DOM   30   100  71     Cytoplasmic (Potential). 
TRANSMEM   101   123  23     Potential. 
TOPO_DOM   124   126  3     Lumenal (Potential). 
TRANSMEM   127   149  23     Potential. 
TOPO_DOM   150   163  14     Cytoplasmic (Potential). 
DISULFID   132   135        Redox-active (Potential). 
VAR_SEQ   95   163        GCLRTRWASVLMLLSSLVSLAGSVYLAWILFFVLYDFCIV CITTYAINVSLMWLSFRKVQEPQGKAKRH -> DGVSPCCPGWSQAICLPQPPKVLGGLQALPADTLGLCPDA AELPGVSRWFCLPGLDPVLRAL (in isoform 2). VSP_013363
VARIANT   29    29  1     V -> L (in coumarin resistance). VAR_021821 
VARIANT   45    45  1     V -> A (in coumarin resistance). VAR_021822 
VARIANT   58    58  1     R -> G (in coumarin resistance). VAR_021823 
VARIANT   98    98  1     R -> W (in VKCFD2). VAR_021824 
VARIANT   128   128  1     L -> R (in coumarin resistance). VAR_021825 
Sequence information
Length: 163 AA [This is the length of the unprocessed precursor] Molecular weight: 18235 Da [This is the MW of the unprocessed precursor] CRC64: 2F00526A6C561D5A [This is a checksum on the sequence]
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MGSTWGSPGW VRLALCLTGL VLSLYALHVK AARARDRDYR ALCDVGTAIS CSRVFSSRWG 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
RGFGLVEHVL GQDSILNQSN SIFGCIFYTL QLLLGCLRTR WASVLMLLSS LVSLAGSVYL 

       130        140        150        160 
AWILFFVLYD FCIVCITTYA INVSLMWLSF RKVQEPQGKA KRH 

Q9BQB6 in FASTA format

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